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| March, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||
History
of studying, modern investigation, conservation. |
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Dr.
Mykyta Peregrym O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of the Taras Schevchenko National University of Kyiv Kominterna str.,1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01032 E-mails : peregrym@ua.fm - mykyta.peregrym@gmail.com |
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Main
target of my investigation was solution of problem with species status
of T. biebersteiniana group. Morphological indications of flowers,
bulbs and leafs, phenology, habitats, ecology and distribution were
studied and compared. Results of investigations show that only T.
quercetorum can have independent status of species. Other species,
T. hypanica, T. scythica, T. graniticola,
T. ophiophylla, should be united to T. biebersteiniana.
Their status can’t be more than the variation. However, the problem
with status of T. quercetorum has place and at present. If
comparison of ecology and geographic data showed clear differences between
T. quercetorum and other "species", other results
are less defined. For example the phenology, it is period of the flowering:
T. graniticola 9.04 – 27.04; T. hypanica 8.04 –
26.04; T. ophiophylla 5.04 – 27.04; T. quercetorum
25.04 – 8.05; T. scythica 9.04 – 26.04. Thus, I
think that 4 species of Tulipa, T. gesneriana, T. biflora,
T. biebersteiniana and T. quercetorum, are grow in
natural flora of Ukraine, but it can be finally proved after of the
carrying out of molecular investigations. |
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Tulipa
scythica |
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Unfortunately,
Ukrainian botanists haven’t equipment and possibility for such
researches at present, therefore the question decision is postponed
again till indefinite time. |
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Conservation |
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All
species of tulips of natural flora of Ukraine (T. schrenkii,
T. biflora, T. quercetorum, T. hypanica,
T. scythica, T. graniticola, T. ophiophylla)
are included in Red Data Book of Ukraine [1996]. They have different
categories of rarity: T. scythica – I, T. schrenkii,
T. biflora – II, T. quercetorum, T. hypanica,
T. graniticola, T. ophiophylla – III. There
are three main causes of vanishing of populations of these species.
It is the plugging up of steppes and deforestation with subsequent fragmentation
of habitats, an annual burning out of steppes in spring and picking
flowers and bulbs of tulips by local population. Unfortunately, majority
of tulip populations in Ukraine are on the brink of disappearance at
present, though many from them protect in National Natural Parks, Nature
Reserves and protected territories of local level. T. hypanica
protect in the Nature Reserve "Elans’kyi step" (Mykolaiv
region), T. scythica – in the Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova"
(Kherson region), T. graniticola – in the Ukrainian Steppe
Nature Reserve (Donets’k region), |
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| T. biflora – in the Crimea Nature Reserve and the Opuk Nature Reserve (all – Autonomic Republic of Crimea), T. ophiophylla – in the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve, the Lugans’k Nature Reserve (Lugans’k region), T. quercetorum – in the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve, the Lugans’k Nature Reserve, the Dnipro-Orils’kyi Nature Reserve (Dnipropetrovs’k region), the National Natural Park "Svyati Gory" (Donets’k region). T. schrenkii - the Biosphere Reserve “Askania-Nova”, the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve (Kherson region), the Crimea Nature Reserve, the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve, the Lugans’k Nature Reserve, the Karadag Nature Reserve (Autonomic Republic of Crimea), the Kazantip Nature Reserve (Autonomic Republic of Crimea), the Opuk Nature Reserve and the Azov-Sivash National Natural Park (Kherson and Zaporizhzhya regions). But, if to be objective, I should tell that security level in these protected objects is very low. It is connected with a poor financial position of the majority of them and with full neglect of Ukrainian laws by the population. | ||||||||||||||||||
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Tulipa
quercoterum |
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Separately,
I wish to tell several words about conservation of tulips of natural
flora of Ukraine in botanical gardens. The Donets’k Botanical
Garden of NAS of Ukraine, the M.M. Grishko National Botanical Garden
of NAS of Ukraine, the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of the Taras Schevchenko
National University of Kyiv, the Kryvyi Rig Botanical Garden of NAS
of Ukraine, the Nikita Botanical Garden are cultivate the greatest quantity
of species of Ukrainian tulips. Sustainable introduction populations
of T. quercetorum and T. schrenkii were formed in
majority from them. Other species in collections of botanical gardens
are represented by small quantity of individuals or small groups. Besides, the project "Conservation of natural habitats of Tulipa gesneriana L. (Liliaceae) in Ukraine" which was supported the Rufford Small Grants Foundation is carries out in the country at present. |
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Tulipa
quercoterum |
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The
main aim is development and practical realization of effective methods
of conservation of habitats of T. gesneriana in Ukraine on
the basis of investigations of geographical distribution, ecological
features and the condition and the structure of populations of the species.
The project team – Dr. Mykyta Peregrym, Dr. Ivan Moysiyenko, Iuliia
Peregrym, Valentyn Melnik (all – the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden
of the Taras Schevchenko National University of Kyiv). You can read
about first results of the project in the
Planta Europa News [PDF] |
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You
can see that many problems remain in studying and conservation of tulips
of natural flora of Ukraine. But, if work of botanists and ecologists
will be continued, the situation considerably will improve in the future. |
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References
: Bordzilovs’kyi, E.I. 1950: Flora of Ukrainian SSR. III. 162-172. Vydavnysctvo AN URSR. Kyiv. [Ukr.] Cherepanov, S.K. 1967: The list of new taxons of flora of Soviet Union which were described in 1934-1966 after publication of “Flora of USSR”. Novosti sistematiki vyschych rasteniy (News of taxonomy of vascular plants) 1: 7-142. Nauka. Leningrad. [Mostly Latin names; comments in Rus.] Cherepanov, S.K. 1973: Additamenta et corrigenda ad “Floram URSS” (tomi I-XXX) 668. Nauka. Leningrad. [Mostly Latin names and citation; comments in Rus.] Cherepanov, S.K. 1981: Vascular plants of the USSR. 510. Nauka. Leningrad. [Mostly Latin names; introduction and comments in Rus.] Cherepanov, S.K. 1995: Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & New York. [Eng. edition] Mordak, E.V. 1975: About Crimea tulips Tulipa callieri Halacsy et Levier and T. koktebelica Yunge. Novosti sistematiki vyschych rasteniy (News of taxonomy of vascular plants) 12: 132-134. Nauka. Leningrad. [Rus.] Mordak, E.V. 1979: Flora of European part of USSR. IV. 232 – 236. Nauka. Leningrad. [Rus.] Mordak, E.V. 1990: What is Tulipa schrenkii Regel and T. heteropetala Ledeb. (Liliaceae)? Novosti sistematiki vyschych rasteniy (News of taxonomy of vascular plants) 27: 27-32. Nauka. Leningrad. [Rus.] Mosyakin, S.L. & Fedoronchuk, M.M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatur checklist. xxiii + 346. Kiev. [Mostly Latin names; introduction and comments in Eng.] Schelyag-Sosonko, Ju.R. (ed) 1996: Red Data Book of Ukraine. 297-303. Ukr. encsyclopediya. Kyiv. [Ukr.] Taliev, V.I. 1931: Process of speciation in genus Tulipa. Trudy po prikladnoi botanike, genetike i selekscii (Works about applied botany, genetics and selection). ???V (2): 57–122. Leningrad. [Rus.] Vvedenskiy, A.I. 1935: Flora of USSR. IV. 320-364. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mosqua-Leningrad. [Rus.] Zoz, I.G. & Klokov, M.V. 1936: Notes about Ukrainian Tulipa Biebersteiniana s. amplo. Trudy Instytuta botaniky Kharkivs’kogo derj. universyteta (Works of the Institute of botany of Charkiv State University) 1: 61-74. Derjmedvydav. Kyiv & Kharkiv. [Ukr.] Regel, E.A. 1873: Enumeratio specierum hucusque cognitarum generic Tulipae // Trudy Peterburgskogo botanicheskogo sada (Works of the Petersburg Botanical Garden) 2: 437-457. [Latin] |
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Légendes |
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Photo
7 - Tulipa ophiophylla Klokov & Zoz on the burned out steppes near
Lutugine city, Lugans’k region. Photo by M. Peregrym Photo 8– Plants of Tulipa ophiophylla Klokov & Zoz from Donets’k chain of hills in collection of the M.M. Grishko National Botanical Garden. Photo by M. Peregrym Photo 9 – The herbarium specimen of Tulipa biflora Pall. in the Herbarium of the Crimea State Agrarian University. Photo by M. Peregrym Photo 10– The herbarium specimen of Tulipa callieri Halacsy et Levier in the Herbarium of the Nikita Botanical Garden. Photo by M. Peregrym Photo 11 - The herbarium specimen of Tulipa biflora Pall. in the Herbarium of the Nikita Botanical Garden. Photo by M. Peregrym Photo 12 - The herbarium specimen of Tulipa koktebelica Yunge in the Herbarium of the Nikita Botanical Garden. Photo by M. Peregrym Photo 13– Tulipa scythica Klokov & Zoz in the Biosphere Reserve “Askania-Nova”. Photo by Dr. Victor Schapoval Photo 14– Spring aspect of Tulipa scythica Klokov & Zoz in steppe (Biosphere Reserve “Askania-Nova”). Photo by Dr. Victor Schapoval |
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Dr.
Mykyta Peregrym |
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Dr.
Mykyta Peregrym & Dr. Victor Schapoval |
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All rights reserved TULIPES SAUVAGES Association - 2002 / 2009 |
