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December, 2008
Dr. Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon
Institute of Botany, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Among the tulips of the submountain regions of the Sothern Uzbekistan T. lanata Regel is distinguished by a great number of natural populations. The area is bounded by the Surhandarya rivers basin. It can be seen on the mountain chains of this basin. Distinguishing feature of this flower is the large red flower with black spot and yellow fringe.
 
Two species T. bifloriformis Vved. and T. turkestanica Regel from Eriostemones subngenera are met in submountain regions of Uzbekistan. Besides submountain regions they climb up to mountain slopes. These two species with small and white flowers resemble each other very much. The number of flowers can come to 10. They differ by principle of downiness of bulb covers and by the region of their propagation. T. bifloriformis is exceptionally Western Tien-Shanic specie and is only found in Tashkent and Namangan regions.
   
   
click on picture to enlarge
                             
   
The highest variety of the tulips is characteristically for medium-altitude mountains (1300 – 2400-2500 m above sea level). 90% of all tulip species vegetate within this altitudinal belt.
     
                                 
   
Species of Tulipa subgenus are predominate in medium-altitude mountains. T. vvedenskyi Z. Botsch. is exactly medium-altitude mountainous specie and is found only in some places of Kuramin chain (left bank of Ahangaran river); T. butkovii Z. Botsch. with red stamina filaments is found in several vegetation points in Chatkal chain and T. tschimganica Z. Botsch.’s areal is also bounded by Uzbek part of Chatkal chain.
                                 
Tulipa butkovii > click on picture to enlarge
 
click on picture to enlarge
                                   
Wider altitudinal amplitude is characteristically known for T. kaufmanniana which is met in upper regions of submountain regions till uplands, on all chains of the Western Tien-Shan. It shows unique polymorphism in the nature. These species are endemics of Western Tien-Shan.
 
Medium-altitudinal belt of Pamir-Alay is inhabited by several species of tulips.
T. ingens Hoog inhabits Kashkadarya river’s basin and mountains and to the south of Kugitan chain (with red petals of the floral envelope and with black infringed spot).

 
Tulipa ingens > click on picture to enlarge
The following species resemble each other very much: T. affinis Z. Botsch. vegetates on Nurata and Turkestan chains and a source of pride of Samarkand mountains T. fosteriana Irv. vegetates in Aman-Kutan, Tahta-Karacha passage. T. carinata Vved decorates Gissar chain, Baysuntau and Chulbair Mountains
 
click on picture to enlarge
click on picture to enlarge  
Tulipa fosteriana > click on picture to enlarge
Tulipa affinis > click on picture to enlarge
 
In 1971, Z.P.Botschanceva and A.Kh. Sharipov described T. uzbekistanica Z. Botsch. & Scharipov from the south of Uzbekistan. This specie shows the features of the endemic species of the Western Tien-Shan from Spiranthera section (sensu A.I. Vvedenskyi) in 500 km. Anthers dissect slowly during 2-3 days and curl the same way as anthers of T. kaufmanniana, T. tschimganica and T. dubia. From close Pamir-Alay species T. uzbekistanica differs by hard covers of the bulbs, low habitus, orange-red flower with dark brown spot in the bases and anthers which open and curl very slowly. The same features differ T. uzbekistanica from T. fosteriana Irv. and T. ingens Hoog from T. carinata Vved.
 
click on picture to enlarge
Uzbekistan uplands (2600-3400 m above sea level) are distinguished by rather poor variety of tulip species. Two representatives of Eriostemones subgenus with yellow flowers and long columns of ovary inhabit there: T. dasystemon Regel and T. dasystemonoides Vved. and one with white flower T. orithyoides Vved.
 
These two species are hard to differentiate from each other. Specialists differ them by bulb covers’ texture and of the inner surface of the bulb cover. The bulb cover of T. dasystemon is papyraceous and naked on the inner surface or only at its apex with a few pressed hairsprings, whereas T. dasystemonoides has more solid covers with densely woolly hairsprings of the inner surface. In some places, these two representatives of alpine slopes, on the moist gorges get down into the middle upland belt, where are formed colorful yellowish landscape.
Tulipa dasystemon > click on picture to enlarge
 
T. orithyoides from first of all differs from two previous forms by white leaflets of perianth and by web-hairy lowering of bulb covers. Furthermore, it is distinguished by the geography of propagation. Vegetation places of T. orithyoides are located on the subalpine belt of the Chulbair mountains, on the border with Tadzhikistan.
 
T. dubia Vved. from Tulipa subgenus is met at the joint of middle-mountain and high-mountain of Western Tien Shan, and also characterized by yellow color of petals, large flowers and very similar to T. kaufmanniana.
 
    Cliquez sur la photo pour l'agrandir
Tulipa specimens of Uzbekistan
     
I. Subgen. Tulipa. Basionym: sect. Leiostemones Boisser, Fl. Orientalis 5, p. 192 (1882). Homotypic synonym: sect. Tulipa Marais, in Davis, P. H., (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8, p. 306 (1984). Type species: T. gesneriana L. (1753).
1. Section Kolpakowskianae (Hall) Van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym: subsect. Kolpakowskianae Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 134 (1940). Type species: T. kolpakowskiana Regel (1877).
T. lehmanniana Mercklin, Mere. Acad. Pet. Say. Err. 7:513 (1854).
T. borszczowii Regel Bot. Mag. 108: t. 6635. 1882
T. korolkovii Regel Act. Hort. Petrop. iii. II. (1875) 295.
Z.P.Botschanceva
2. Section Tulipanum de Reboul, Giorn. Bot. Iral. 2:60 (1847). Homotypic synonyms: sect. Eriobulbi Baker, J. Linn. Soc. 14:276 (1874), subsect. Oculus-solis Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 104 (1940). Type species: T. oculus-solis St. Amans (1804)
T. tubergeniana Hoog, Gard. Chron. n.s. 35:358 (1904).
3. Section Eichleres (Hall) van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym: subsect. Eichleres Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 122 (1940). Type species: T. eichleri Regel (1874).
T. lanata Regel, Acta Hort. Petrop. 8:647 (1884).
T. uzbekistanica Z. Botsch. & Scharipov, Not. Syst. Plant. Vas. 8:109 (1954)
T. ingens Hoog, Gard. Chron. n.s. 32:14 (1902).
T. carinata Vved. Fl. URSS iv. 332 (1935).
T. affinis Z. Botsch. in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan. xvi. 6 (1961).
T. fosteriana Hoog ex W. Irving, Gard. Chron. n.s. 39:322 (1906).
T. greigii Regel, Gartenflora 22:290 (1873).
T. mogoltavica Popov & Vved., Herb. Fl. As. Med. no. 594 (1935).
T. micheliana Hoog Gard. Chron. 1902, I. 350.
T. vvedenskyi Z. Botsch. in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan. xiv. 3 (1954).
T. butkovii Z. Botsch., Not. Syst. Herb. Uzb. 16:8 (1961).
T. kaufmanniana Regel, Gartenflora 26:194-195 (1877).
T. tschimganica Z. Botsch., Not. Syst. Herb. Uzb. 16:10 (1961).
T. dubia Vved., Bjull. Sredn. Gos. Univ. 21 (16): 148 (1935).
II. Subgenus Eriostemones (Boisser) van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym: "section" Eriostemones Boisser Fl. Orientalis 5:196 (1882). Type: T. sylvestris L., Sp. PI., p. 305 (1753).
4. Section Biflores (Hall) van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym: subsect. Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 122 (1940). Type species: T. biflora Pall. (1876).
T. turkestanica Regel Act. Hort. Petrop. iii. II. (1875) 296.
T. bifloriformis Vved. Fl. URSS iv. 358 (1935).
T. buhseana Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 4: 98. 1859
T. dasystemon Regel Act. Hort. Petrop. vi. (1879) 507.
T. dasystemonoides Vved. in Bull. Univ. As. Centr. xxi. 147 (1935).
T. orithyoides Vved. in Bull. Univ. As. Centr. xxi. 150 (1935).
T. sogdiana Mercklin in Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. vii. (1851) 514.
Endemic tulips of Uzbekistan :
Cliquez sur la photo pour l'agrandir
Tulipa fosteriana – Samarkand mountains
Tulipa vvedenskyi – Kurama and Chatkal mountains
Tulipa butkovii - Chatkal mountain
Tulipa tschimganica - Chatkal mountain
Tulipa affinis – Nurata mountain
Materials are submitted from the manuscript of Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon book's, Kadirov R.U. "Tulips of Uzbekistan" (in russian)
Dr. Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon
Dr. Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon, V. Holubec, W. Lemmers
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