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| December, 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dr.
Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon Institute of Botany, Tashkent, Uzbekistan |
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Among
the tulips of the submountain regions of the Sothern Uzbekistan T.
lanata Regel is distinguished by a great number of natural populations.
The area is bounded by the Surhandarya rivers basin. It can be seen
on the mountain chains of this basin. Distinguishing feature of this
flower is the large red flower with black spot and yellow fringe. |
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Two
species T. bifloriformis Vved. and T. turkestanica
Regel from Eriostemones subngenera are met in submountain regions of
Uzbekistan. Besides submountain regions they climb up to mountain slopes.
These two species with small and white flowers resemble each other very
much. The number of flowers can come to 10. They differ by principle
of downiness of bulb covers and by the region of their propagation.
T. bifloriformis is exceptionally Western Tien-Shanic specie
and is only found in Tashkent and Namangan regions. |
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The
highest variety of the tulips is characteristically for medium-altitude
mountains (1300 – 2400-2500 m above sea level). 90% of all tulip
species vegetate within this altitudinal belt. |
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Species
of Tulipa subgenus are predominate in medium-altitude mountains. T.
vvedenskyi Z. Botsch. is exactly medium-altitude mountainous specie
and is found only in some places of Kuramin chain (left bank of Ahangaran
river); T. butkovii Z. Botsch. with red stamina filaments is
found in several vegetation points in Chatkal chain and T. tschimganica
Z. Botsch.’s areal is also bounded by Uzbek part of Chatkal chain. |
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Tulipa
butkovii > click on picture to enlarge |
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Wider
altitudinal amplitude is characteristically known for T. kaufmanniana
which is met in upper regions of submountain regions till uplands, on
all chains of the Western Tien-Shan. It shows unique polymorphism in
the nature. These species are endemics of Western Tien-Shan. |
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Medium-altitudinal
belt of Pamir-Alay is inhabited by several species of tulips. T. ingens Hoog inhabits Kashkadarya river’s basin and mountains and to the south of Kugitan chain (with red petals of the floral envelope and with black infringed spot). |
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Tulipa
ingens > click on picture to enlarge |
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The
following species resemble each other very much: T. affinis
Z. Botsch. vegetates on Nurata and Turkestan chains and a source of
pride of Samarkand mountains T. fosteriana Irv. vegetates in
Aman-Kutan, Tahta-Karacha passage. T. carinata Vved decorates
Gissar chain, Baysuntau and Chulbair Mountains |
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Tulipa
fosteriana > click on picture to enlarge |
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Tulipa
affinis > click on picture to enlarge |
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In
1971, Z.P.Botschanceva and A.Kh. Sharipov described T. uzbekistanica
Z. Botsch. & Scharipov from the south of Uzbekistan. This specie
shows the features of the endemic species of the Western Tien-Shan from
Spiranthera section (sensu A.I. Vvedenskyi) in 500 km. Anthers dissect
slowly during 2-3 days and curl the same way as anthers of T. kaufmanniana,
T. tschimganica and T. dubia. From close Pamir-Alay
species T. uzbekistanica differs by hard covers of the bulbs,
low habitus, orange-red flower with dark brown spot in the bases and
anthers which open and curl very slowly. The same features differ T.
uzbekistanica from T. fosteriana Irv. and T. ingens
Hoog from T. carinata Vved. |
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Uzbekistan uplands (2600-3400 m above sea level) are
distinguished by rather poor variety of tulip species. Two representatives
of Eriostemones subgenus with yellow flowers and long columns of ovary
inhabit there: T. dasystemon Regel and T. dasystemonoides
Vved. and one with white flower T. orithyoides Vved.
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These
two species are hard to differentiate from each other. Specialists differ
them by bulb covers’ texture and of the inner surface of the bulb
cover. The bulb cover of T. dasystemon is papyraceous
and naked on the inner surface or only at its apex with a few pressed
hairsprings, whereas T. dasystemonoides has more solid covers with densely
woolly hairsprings of the inner surface. In some places, these two representatives
of alpine slopes, on the moist gorges get down into the middle upland
belt, where are formed colorful yellowish landscape. |
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Tulipa
dasystemon > click on picture to enlarge |
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T.
orithyoides from first of all differs from two previous forms by
white leaflets of perianth and by web-hairy lowering of bulb covers.
Furthermore, it is distinguished by the geography of propagation. Vegetation
places of T. orithyoides are located on the subalpine belt
of the Chulbair mountains, on the border with Tadzhikistan. |
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T.
dubia Vved. from Tulipa subgenus is met at the joint of middle-mountain
and high-mountain of Western Tien Shan, and also characterized by yellow
color of petals, large flowers and very similar to T. kaufmanniana. |
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Tulipa
specimens of Uzbekistan |
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I.
Subgen. Tulipa. Basionym: sect. Leiostemones Boisser, Fl. Orientalis
5, p. 192 (1882). Homotypic synonym: sect. Tulipa Marais, in Davis,
P. H., (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8, p. 306
(1984). Type species: T. gesneriana L. (1753). 1. Section Kolpakowskianae (Hall) Van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym: subsect. Kolpakowskianae Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 134 (1940). Type species: T. kolpakowskiana Regel (1877). T. lehmanniana Mercklin, Mere. Acad. Pet. Say. Err. 7:513 (1854). T. borszczowii Regel Bot. Mag. 108: t. 6635. 1882 T. korolkovii Regel Act. Hort. Petrop. iii. II. (1875) 295. |
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Z.P.Botschanceva
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| 2.
Section Tulipanum de Reboul, Giorn. Bot. Iral. 2:60 (1847). Homotypic
synonyms: sect. Eriobulbi Baker, J. Linn. Soc. 14:276 (1874), subsect.
Oculus-solis Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 104 (1940). Type species: T. oculus-solis
St. Amans (1804) T. tubergeniana Hoog, Gard. Chron. n.s. 35:358 (1904). |
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| 3.
Section Eichleres (Hall) van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym:
subsect. Eichleres Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 122 (1940). Type species:
T. eichleri Regel (1874). T. lanata Regel, Acta Hort. Petrop. 8:647 (1884). T. uzbekistanica Z. Botsch. & Scharipov, Not. Syst. Plant. Vas. 8:109 (1954) T. ingens Hoog, Gard. Chron. n.s. 32:14 (1902). T. carinata Vved. Fl. URSS iv. 332 (1935). T. affinis Z. Botsch. in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan. xvi. 6 (1961). T. fosteriana Hoog ex W. Irving, Gard. Chron. n.s. 39:322 (1906). T. greigii Regel, Gartenflora 22:290 (1873). T. mogoltavica Popov & Vved., Herb. Fl. As. Med. no. 594 (1935). T. micheliana Hoog Gard. Chron. 1902, I. 350. T. vvedenskyi Z. Botsch. in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan. xiv. 3 (1954). T. butkovii Z. Botsch., Not. Syst. Herb. Uzb. 16:8 (1961). T. kaufmanniana Regel, Gartenflora 26:194-195 (1877). T. tschimganica Z. Botsch., Not. Syst. Herb. Uzb. 16:10 (1961). T. dubia Vved., Bjull. Sredn. Gos. Univ. 21 (16): 148 (1935). II. Subgenus Eriostemones (Boisser) van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym: "section" Eriostemones Boisser Fl. Orientalis 5:196 (1882). Type: T. sylvestris L., Sp. PI., p. 305 (1753). 4. Section Biflores (Hall) van Raamsdonk, stat. nov. Basionym: subsect. Hall, The genus Tulipa, p. 122 (1940). Type species: T. biflora Pall. (1876). T. turkestanica Regel Act. Hort. Petrop. iii. II. (1875) 296. T. bifloriformis Vved. Fl. URSS iv. 358 (1935). T. buhseana Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 4: 98. 1859 T. dasystemon Regel Act. Hort. Petrop. vi. (1879) 507. T. dasystemonoides Vved. in Bull. Univ. As. Centr. xxi. 147 (1935). T. orithyoides Vved. in Bull. Univ. As. Centr. xxi. 150 (1935). T. sogdiana Mercklin in Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. vii. (1851) 514. |
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| Endemic tulips of Uzbekistan : | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tulipa
fosteriana – Samarkand mountains Tulipa vvedenskyi – Kurama and Chatkal mountains Tulipa butkovii - Chatkal mountain Tulipa tschimganica - Chatkal mountain Tulipa affinis – Nurata mountain |
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| Materials are submitted from the manuscript of Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon book's, Kadirov R.U. "Tulips of Uzbekistan" (in russian) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dr.
Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon |
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Dr.
Tojibaev Sh. Komiljon, V. Holubec, W. Lemmers |
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All rights reserved TULIPES SAUVAGES Association - 2002 / 2009 |